考研英语阅读之例证题解题方法
首先,大家要知道阅读理解是可以分题型的。根据《全国硕士研究生统一入学考试考研英语大纲》明确规定,在阅读理解方面要求考生具备8种考察能力,这8种能力对应6种题型,分别是:主旨大意题、推断题、例证题、词义句意题、态度题和细节题。以往大家在做阅读的时候,只知道要通过题干的关键词到原文当中去定位,可以这种定位方式不一定准确,所以影响了大家的做题准确率。事实上,不同的题型有不同的定位方式。接下来我以例证题为例,给大家讲解阅读的解题方法。
(2003 年 text4) Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that
[A] medical resources are often wasted
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C] some treatments are too aggressive
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
在这个题目中,通过看题干意思:作者使用...例子是为了说明...,我们可以判断该题型为例证题。大部分同学在做例证题的时候容易错选,因为大家在做题时,通过题干关键词定位到原文中的句子是论据,而在我们题干中问的是作者使用这个例子是为了什么?根据阅读文章体裁议论文,我们知道论据是用来说明论点的,所以我们解题的关键是找论点。并且,在我们论证的过程中,一般是论点在前,而论据在后的。所以例证题的解题是找例子前的观点解题。回答这个题目,通过cancer patients,我们定位到原文倒数第4行,例子不用看,而是去找例子前的观点解题,也就是Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. 这个句子是长难句,阅读经常会在长难句处命题。并且句首的短语做状语比较难理解,但是我们不需要害怕,拿到长难句我们主要通过主干解题,也就是we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.由此,答案就出来了,选A。B、C选项都是通过例子中的细节信息loss of hope in the patient、aggressive treatment来命致干扰选项的;D则是用定位句中修饰成分cost of our care来命致干扰的。
通过这个题目,我们会发现,在做阅读理解的时候,并不是需要我们去理解全篇,因为这样做题时间会不够,而是要去抓关键信息。因此,我们要充分了解不同题型的考察本质,根据本质再去确定解题方法。
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