2021考研倒计时一个月,考研英语完型冲刺技巧汇总集锦
首先我们来谈一谈完形填空这个题型近六年的答案分布规律,如表格:
英一
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| A | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| B | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| C | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| D | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
英二
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| A | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| B | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| C | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| D | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
通过四个选项的分布规律来看,即使我们答题时都选择一个选项,也能拿2-3分,当然这是最保守的一种答题状态,还有一些单词或词组是经常作为正确答案的,现就这些作为正确答案的词汇(红花词)以及经常被排除的选项(绿叶词)给大家做以下梳理:
| 红花词 | for example, in fact, such as, then, before, also, necessary, mean, mark, picture, significant, absent, attribute, aware, hurt, increase, sample, tie, while, because, even, but/however, as, tend, subject, common, conclude, connect, equal, produce, raise, shape, explain, expose |
| 绿叶词 | unless, therefore, why, moreover, regardless, thus, ignore, confuse, expect, origin, stable, along, under, beyond, over, once |
对于基础比较弱的考生而言,结合选项的规律和红花绿叶词这两者能够拿到4-5分,如果有些同学想要继续拔高,那就需要对于完形填空这个题型的解题思路进行系统地梳理。
首先,纵观历年考题,完形填空中70%的题目是考查逻辑关系的,而20%是考察语义关系,还有10%是考查短语搭配。着重将占比例最高的逻辑关系题解题思路梳理一下。
逻辑关系从宏观上分为语义一致与语义相反。在逻辑关系题的考查中,分为两种具体形式,一种是题干中有逻辑关系词作为线索,帮助我们选择正确答案;另一种是根据文中已知信息的逻辑关系,选择适合的逻辑关系词;因此逻辑关系词对于完形填空而言非常重要。根据历年考题,出现过的逻辑关系词如下:
(1)并列:and, or, similarly, likewise, as well (as), either...or, neither...nor
(2)递进:even, besides, moreover, furthermore, indeed, in addition, not only...but(also)...
(3)顺承:then, before, after, until, eventually, as
(4)总分:such as, for example, for instance, particularly / in particular, generally / in general, in conclusion, in brief, on the whole
(5)因果:because, since, due to, owing to, attribute to; so, thus, hence, therefore, lest, consequently / in consequence, so that, as a result
(6)转折:but, however, yet, instead, nevertheless, unfortunately, still, otherwise, in fact, in effect, rather than, not...but...
(7)对比:while, whereas, conversely, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, the other
(8)让步:even, though, although, while, despite
了解了逻辑词后,我们就考题来训练一下。
例1:The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. (2018英二)
11. [A] pay [B] food [C] marriage [D] schooling
解析:B.在空后有一个并列的逻辑词“or”,那空前所选名词应该与后面的shelter(庇护所)构成相似、相近的关系,通过观察选项发现,food与shelter最为相近,都是基本生活需求,因此该题正确答案为B项。
例2:After all, it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 . (2020英一)
15. [A] resemblance [B] combination
[C] connection [D] pattern
解析:C.该题附近出现一个顺承关系的逻辑词before,后边的名词不知该选择什么,参考before之前的信息,前边说“谣言称道吸烟导致癌症”,这就是说的两者之间的“关系”,对应C项。
例3:Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty and realized the tester had fooled them. (2018英一)
16. [A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] remembered
解析:A.根据题干的信息“half...the other half...”前后是数量上的对比关系,而动作是前后一致的,前边动词为“found”,和它类似的是A项。
例4:Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. (2018英二)
9. [A] such as [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] owing to
解析:A.通过观察选项,该题让我们选择逻辑关系词,那就需要判断空前后的逻辑关系。空前出现了“stimuli(刺激)”,后边提及“指甲划在黑板上的声音和令人恶心的昆虫照片”,显然后边在说具体两种刺激,前后总分关系,所以A项正确。
例5:Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should eventually see signs of people. (2019英一)
9. [A] Instead [B] Yet [C] So [D] Besides
解析:C.该题也是要求大家判断逻辑关系,然后选择相应的逻辑关系词。空前说到“很多人居住在山谷里,有淡水供应”,空后提及“如果你下山,可以沿着你发现的水分子”,前后因果关系,所以正确答案为C项。
例6:Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. (2016英一)
7. [A] since [B] or [C] but [D] so
解析:C.要选择正确的逻辑关系词,先回到原文判断前后的逻辑关系。前边是说“在之前,它(柬埔寨的婚礼)持续三天”,空后说“到二十世纪八十年代,它更普遍的是持续一天半”,前后提及柬埔寨的婚礼持续时间不同,前后便是相反关系,符合题意的只有C项。
在这六个例题中,其中前三个是根据题干中的逻辑关系词来选择实词;而后边的三个例题,是需要判断空前后的逻辑关系来选择相应的逻辑关系词,这也就是上文中所提及的逻辑关系题两种考查方式。
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