2021考研英语新题型解题技巧之填空式阅读题
1.指代关系词:He,his, him ,they, them,the (+n),such (+n),this (+n),that (+n),these (+n),those (+n)
2.逻辑关系词:on the one hand/on the other hand,all in all;most/few,equally等
3.数字关系词:increase,decrease,amount,number,amount,figures,fund等
4.词汇复现:上下文有时会出现两个词及以上的浮现,需要“瞻前顾后”观察
具体做题步骤
1.浏览选项,重点关注首行,寻找衔接标志词。
2.回文章填空处匹配答案,可用词汇复现法匹配正确答案。
3.回文章填空处瞻前顾后,关注选项后出现的指代。
4.最后还有题没做出来可直接寻找词汇复现解题。
下面以2013年试题为例讲解解题步骤
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41) ____________________. Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42) ____________________. This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) ____________________.
When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium,for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) ____________________. This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) ____________________. That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
[C] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
[D] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
[E] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy, clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[F] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[G] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
解题指导
1.浏览选项,发现选项b和d中存在数字,并且b选项还有复数指代these keywords;选项c存在复数指代these factors以及such problem,选项g出现复数指代these issues;选项e和f分别出现单数指代the idea/the solution。
2.匹配答案,先做容易的有数字的答案,回文章发现43以及44空钱出现数字,由于43空前出现keywords词汇复现,所以43的答案是b那么44题的答案就是d。接着再看复数指代的答案,回文章发现41和42空前有出现单词的罗列,符合复数指代特征。接着通过发现42空前浮现problems确定43题的答案是c,那么接着可确定44的答案是g。最后还剩下45题,可供选择的答案还剩下三个:a/e/f。这时候利用单数指代进行分析,如果选择答案f就意味着45题前面应该提到一个问题,但实际上45题前有but观点句,但并未提出问题,因此排除f。剩下的选项发现e选项中的idea实际上和45题前面的intention (意图/想法)同意替换,遂选择该答案。
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