2015中国农业银行校园招聘英语基础知识试题(九)
单项选择
1. The two presidents came to the negotiating table due to the ______ over the international boundary.
A. quarrel B. dispute C. challenge D. competition
2. A major concern for photographers traveling by plane is possible ______ to their film caused by X-ray machines.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
3. We must prevent that kind of disaster at all ______.
A. chances B. expenses C. costs D. risks
4.The student was told to ______ for being rude to his teacher.
A. excuse B. apologize C. pardon D. forgive
5. Beginning in the late 1970s, the economy of Alaska underwent a rapid change since oil was discovered and ______.
A. adopted B. utilized C. employed D. exploited
阅读理解
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of dis-crimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machines "intelligence" on the details of its own percep-
tions its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the com-puter intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mind-
edness, literal-mindedness, and simple-mindedness also characterize theoretical mathematics,though to a lesser extent.Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an ap-propriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom but
only an approximation to a some that more correct equation taking account of spin,magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects and that this corrected equation is itself only an imper-fect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the
original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disre-gard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is
foreign to the mathematical approach.Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the
approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined,and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians’ literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists; theoretical assumptions, that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger
that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context-what happens if the axioms are relaxed? -is thereby ignored.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses
all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small agita-tions of its underlying assumptions.
6. The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to
A. indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great
extent on machines.
B. illustrate his views about the approach of
mathematicians to problem solving.
C. compare the work of mathematicians with that of
computer programmers.
D. provide one definition of intelligence.
7. According to the passage, scientists are skeptical
toward their equations because scientists
A. work to explain real, rather than theoretical or
simplified situations.
B. know that well defined problems are often the most
difficult to solve.
C. are unable to express their data in terms of multiple
variables.
D. are unwilling to relax the axioms they have developed.
8. According to the passage, mathematicians present a
danger to scientists because
A. Mathematicians may provide theories that are
incompatible with those already devel-oped by scientists.
B. Mathematicians may define situations in a way that is
incomprehensible to scientists.
C. Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical
assumptions are facts.
D. scientists may come to believe that axiomatic
statements are untrue.
9. The author suggests that the approach of physicists to
solving scientific problems is
A. practical for scientific purposes.
B. detrimental to scientific progress.
C. unimportant in most situations.
D. expedient, but of little long-term value.
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